Construction costs are currently skyrocketing

...

Do I understand correctly that, for example in a multi-family house where the rental apartments belong to different owners, renovation energy-saving measures cannot simply be carried out and thus the costs for tenants/landlords reduced, because agreement among (almost?) all owners must first be established regarding the measures? That would mean, in my understanding, that the "small" individual landlord is in a pretty bad position.

No

For savers, this is good because they finally receive interest on their balances again. It has been explained in the media for years how the German saver loses billions due to the zero-interest policy and how this makes their retirement provision worthless. (Info: that was sarcasm/irony)

I was stunned yesterday when I saw that from 2023 landlords have to share parts of the CO2 tax with their tenants - depending on the energy level of the property.

,

It doesn't help at all if inflation eats up the interest of the "saver" again and in the end a negative return remains.
However, "the saver" is quite used to that. They want it that way.

Nominal interest rate and real interest rate are just often confused.

And I actually can’t imagine it at all because I find the number very, very high

This will brutally affect rental prices, won’t it? A) less construction b) more people, less living space c) the one who builds must rent higher due to higher financing costs Is that really good for anyone?

c) will not happen because the government does not want rising rents, even if landlords are burdened with renovation obligations a) will quite certainly happen, currently rental income no longer covers financing costs Accordingly, we will experience b). Finding an apartment is only possible if you know someone who knows someone who is currently moving out. That’s already the case here today if you want to live reasonably and without moon prices.

... I was totally surprised yesterday when I saw that starting in 2023 landlords have to share parts of the CO2 tax with their tenants – depending on the energy level of the property.

Neutral: Could this perhaps be a result of a (supposedly our) social market economy? P.S. I rent out flat-rate warm including all incidental/energy costs, only internet (but only for legal reasons) is not included. 1x new build KfW40+, 2x "old shacks". Which, of course, is almost impossible for older, energetically poorer existing buildings and no longer fun, so it will soon be over with the "old shack" as well (I am selling it).

No,

nominal interest rate and real interest rate are simply often confused.

For this reason, I had written "sarcasm/irony" in parentheses afterwards. I thought my intention would be clear that way...

We have now indirectly also become victims of the economic outlook. The draft of the notary contract for our purchase was already here, all questions clarified, and now the sellers (wanted to sell to move back to their families in another part of Germany) are backing out after all. The reason is that the man keeps receiving rejections for his applications. Each time with the explanation that the situation is so uncertain that generally no one is being hired and companies are preparing for short-time work. Our financing was, of course, already settled... Let’s see if we can now use it for another house or what it will cost us to dissolve it again.