From gut feeling, there are 3 relevant cost drivers,
- Unforeseen difficulties such as underestimated terrain, groundwater, etc. Basically everything related to civil engineering. But you also need someone who identifies these difficulties early on in order to respond to them. A clueless general contractor who only sees € is no help.
- Being able to hold back on things such as living space, bathrooms, floor coverings, outdoor facilities, etc. Sure, a walk-in shower looks great with concealed fittings and rain shower. But here I come back to the favorite example of pyrolysis (nice to have but unnecessary). You shouldn’t deny yourself everything but you need to be able to keep measures. My luxury, for example, is 2x 3m sliding lift-and-tilt doors in the living room.
- Poorly informed or simply stupidity such as believing the price, the construction service description, and the promises of the general contractor are the truth, so that you think you don’t have to take care of anything.
From my point of view, 2 out of 3 points can be influenced without the house looking like social housing.
AddOn: I now hear so often among acquaintances and friends and not just here that interested builders, due to their jobs, don’t want to invest time in planning, coordination, and supervision, but then are not willing to bear the appropriate additional costs either. Somehow a strange attitude, in my opinion.