Or are these too basic questions for such a thread?
Well, that's already getting to the heart of the matter. Anyone just skimming over it probably doesn't even know what you mean.
I'm afraid these are also questions that have a lot to do with taste and budget. That's why everyone will say something different.
My personal opinion: I find it absolutely wrong to legitimize the botched job in the attic by installing or offsetting a gable.
I estimate that dormers will be cheaper for you. It will certainly just be a matter of money. If you put in so many, the low knee wall hardly matters anymore. However, the areas under the dormers often are no longer usable spaces. The room then looks bigger and friendlier, but you don’t know where to put the bed. Of course, it depends. Therefore, plan the furniture in advance and see if it works.
At the peak, the dormer also widens the room a bit – I hadn’t considered that. You’re right. As I said – the 2-meter lines would be very important here to get an impression.
In the end, you shouldn’t lose sight of the exterior view either. Personally, I prefer gables – for roof dormers, I only find the bats nice. There, I would also immediately accept drawbacks in the knee wall...