New construction - How to build economically sensibly?

There is currently a good article on the topic in [Spiegel]. Car manufacturers mess it up, so the post office just builds its own e-car and is more than successful with it.

The goal must probably be to charge the car while driving on the road. Just like with the tram. I believe it is already being tested with trucks.

To the engineers here: Ever heard of energy density?

Sarcasm? In that case, be careful, I really know my stuff about thermodynamics and efficiency chains. By the way, I'm originally a physicist, even though I don't work in that field.

With 50kg of gasoline/diesel I can drive 500 to 1000 km, [...]

Plus tank. Plus engine. Plus transmission. Or how do the 50kg of gasoline turn the wheels? An electric car doesn't have all that.

with 500 kg! battery maximum 400 km, [...]

The battery does not contain any measurable mass of fuel, but a potential difference with a weight of 0. So you are comparing incomparable things.

And now to energy density: That is irrelevant for a comparison. The only thing that matters are the efficiencies, because only (!) they show how good the conversion efficiency from chemical energy (fuel calorific value) or electrical potential (battery) into kinetic energy (car drive) is.

And as I wrote above, those are why my statement about oil power plants + electric cars is logically consistent.

Please note that an internal combustion engine has an engine map and that you only very rarely operate within the optimal range of this map. Real efficiencies are obtained through test drives and lie at about 16% for combustion engines. The 45% quoted by various sources and magazines is only the optimal area of the map, not a practically achievable value. So it's smoke and mirrors. And the 16% doesn't even include refining and transporting to the gas stations.

the electric car stands still for at least 30 minutes to charge...

No. Anyone who already drives a (still) expensive electric car today charges during the downtime at home. If you're not a frequent driver but belong to those who have an average daily mileage of 40 km, you almost never charge outside or simply haven't understood that you should naturally change your habits. The best place to "refuel" electricity is at home.

The goal must be to charge the car while driving on the road.

Why? That makes sense for a minority of passenger cars, it would also be nice for freight transport. But the average passenger car is parked over 90% of the time and not driving. You should rather refuel then.

Electric cars already existed at the beginning of the 20th century. They then lost against combustion engines, for example due to battery capacity and charging infrastructure. These problems have still not been solved. And a Tesla S weighs about 500 kg more than a comparable combustion engine vehicle despite the lack of a transmission, etc. Without batteries with an energy density like gasoline and fast charging that takes minutes instead of hours, it won’t work...

Then lost to the combustion engines, e.g. because of battery capacity and charging infrastructure. These problems are still not solved.

Not? You can drive electrically from the far north of Europe all the way to the very south without running out of battery. And that already in the middle of the charging network's development phase. East-West is comparable not yet possible.

And a Tesla S weighs about 500 kg more than a comparable combustion engine car despite missing a gearbox, etc.

Compared to which combustion engine car, please? A comparably sized 5-series BMW with comparable performance weighs about 200 kg less. (And "comparable performance" is still generous to the combustion engine.)

Without batteries with an energy density like gasoline and fast charging that takes minutes instead of hours, it won’t work...

Your profession is also listed as "natural sciences". Then just throw away the at most one-eighth relevant factor of energy density and deal with the relevant stuff. Range does not come automatically from energy density.

Just look at the range. Which group of drivers needs >1000 km at a stretch? Few. If you bring charging to the car instead of vice versa as usual, you have won. Then smaller ranges are also sufficient. The fact that this is understood much better in sparsely populated Scandinavia than in comparatively densely populated Germany says everything about the typical German attitude "we have always done it this way".

That the salable electric cars currently don’t come from Germany (even though we supposedly are the car nation) and that the Americans and Chinese consider the German sales market largely irrelevant should give cause for thought.