My goodness...
if I have a 16 port POE switch and I only connect, for example, 5 POE devices (the rest normal LAN), does the switch still consume that much power? or does it only consume as much as is connected?
It consumes as much power as the devices draw. The power doesn't just leak out of the unused ports and drip onto the floor. The base consumption will certainly be somewhat higher, but negligible.
the Unifi switch lite 16 port cannot be screwed into a 19" network cabinet, I would have to put it somewhere else
Then just take the 19" switch USW-16-PoE, what's the problem?
May I ask how many devices you have connected to the LAN at the TV spot?
As many as you want to have there. What good does it do you to know that I have 7 devices? In the new house it's 1, the TV, because the rest is in the server cabinet.
with Unifi I’m maybe afraid that it’s overkill for me and I spend unnecessarily much money on it (that I could put into something else) since I don’t need most of the functions of Unifi
You don’t even know what you need. Just because there are 2-3 features included that you won’t need, the advantages still outweigh that.
The question is whether I can live with AVM without an outdoor access point or not
If that thing is inside, hardly anything reaches outside. Experienced that multiple times. Besides, AVM has nothing to do with PoE, so you still need a power outlet nearby. Better not even think about wireless mesh...
at the end of the garden at least 100 mb should still arrive
Then get something decent, for example the U6 Mesh from Unifi. Mount it under the roof overhang in the ceiling and you will be happy.
What about various smart home gateways, like the Hue Bridge, they should also be optimally on LAN, right?
The Hue Bridge doesn’t have any WLAN at all.
It’s really exhausting dealing with you. Every piece of advice gets torn apart and because of your cluelessness you’re back at zero again. Why don’t you just do what the majority of people recommend? Why always doubt and start from scratch? How did you manage to build your house?
If this now also shifts to all those DIY smart home devices and gateways for all sorts of things, I really have to unsubscribe from this thread. It gives you hives.