Hi,
I don’t understand all this writing here anymore. Take a 36 cm aerated concrete block or a 36* cm Poroton. With both you have a monolithic wall structure. With both you can easily meet the Energy Saving Ordinance requirements; both are ecologically harmless stones and that’s that.
You don’t need to put plastic in front. For the windows, I would choose triple glazing; they are significantly better in terms of insulation WITHOUT bringing chemicals into the house, and the additional costs are also limited since triple glazing is basically standard nowadays. And since you want eco anyway, you’ll get wood or aluminum windows which are a whole lot more expensive anyway, so the glass price hardly matters anymore.
For old buildings, I would at most insulate the roof; everything else is not economical.
And all the other blah blah with red/blue/morning/evening is pointless anyway. The heat input from the sun when you need it is not sufficient (winter). This applies both to solar thermal and photovoltaics. Hardly any yield in winter.
best regards Thomas