Even though some things have already been said, I still have to give my two cents.
Can someone tell me roughly how high the follow-up costs of a central ventilation system are?
No one can tell you that exactly. But as a rule, the operating costs should not be higher than what you save on heating costs through heat recovery.
Heat pump, ventilation system and possibly photovoltaic? 3 technically maintenance-intensive devices..
Please first familiarize yourself with the subject before you talk such nonsense!
A proper photovoltaic system requires no maintenance at all. You can clean the modules occasionally, but it is not necessary.
Heat pumps should be serviced regularly.
For a ventilation system, the filters should be changed/cleaned and the pipes should be cleaned about every 10 years. That’s about it.
I would like to do without all of them, if possible
Of course that’s possible! But then you can forget about KFW and in my opinion it is no longer state of the art.
I somehow have concerns in this area... Maybe it’s because this is simply still a "novelty" and is slowly becoming more of an issue due to the plastic foils currently being used
And again you can see that you have no idea!
Ventilation systems, heat pumps, etc. have long since ceased to be a novelty, but are absolutely state of the art in new buildings!
And the plastic foils you mentioned are by now outdated. Good timber house builders no longer work much with large foils but only seal the joints, etc. with adhesive tape. Airtightness on the surfaces is often achieved with OSB, solid wood or similar.
If "plastic foils" was meant as a synonym for "airtight," that is not a novelty either, but long since state of the art and also sensible.
I know... There are simply very different opinions on this topic, which makes it incredibly difficult.
That’s not true either. Almost everyone who has a ventilation system says they are super satisfied and would do it again.
Only many who don’t have one speak badly of it.
And yes, you DO NOT have to have one, but you achieve a better energy standard (KFW) which goes along with lower heating costs and you have a big gain in comfort.