The colorful drawing looks like it is from a catalog. That was the case with our previous row house as well. A sample drawing in a brochure explained the floor plan in a very simple standard. That this sample drawing was not corrected according to your wish to build a higher energy standard is understandable to me. The note about a higher wall volume would certainly have been nice. Have you spoken about the different wall structures for the corresponding energy classes?
So what I actually wanted to get at here: Should I open a can of worms with the general contractor now or is it "just like that" and I have to live with it?
Neither. It is not just a question of "complain" or "keep silent". You can simply ask and have it explained how the difference comes about. From the information available, I cannot see that someone is trying to take advantage of you.
By the way, your general contractor plans precisely in the octameter grid, so without stone cutting / botched work pockets. For that reason alone, many builders will envy you – at least those who go unprotected to a general contractor.
That is good information and explains the "growth of the wall volume inward."
Calculated in euros, that is about €22,000 less living space if we go by price per m²
This square meter price calculation can really become absurd. I recognize the sense as a basis for a rough calculation, but I do not agree to use it as a reconciliation tool for deviations in higher building standards. But if you briefly check the plausibility here, I can see that you are being offered a price per square meter under €3,000. That seems favorable.
By the way, I find it peculiar to speak of "guilt" and "victim" before clarifying the facts. That only provokes and brings no added value.