Understandable, how would your floor plan look then?
No idea. Some designs are tricky. I would make sure the front door is at the latest in the bay window. And then present it visibly through walls or elements so that it is more noticeable. I would also visually block the passage to the north, because it is not good for Feng Shui. The sofa area can visually separate itself from the rest for me.
first 2-3 meters the neighbor’s house in view
Whoever first has the neighbors in view before enjoying their garden has done something wrong. I don’t think people without perceptual errors focus only on other gardens. Otherwise: counteract with striking elements or foliage.
Likewise in the west, here you also look from the terrace to the neighbor’s house.
You look where you want. see above.
Thus
I can’t see a thus. Just because you look somewhere doesn’t mean there is no shadow.
the east neighbor’s house shades the terrace of one half in the morning. We examined this more closely again in the reconsideration, because this does not happen with a building on the front boundary.
Yes, and? That can be. But it doesn’t have to be noticeable. You are currently comparing black and white. Your argument for black is that the white could or even will darken. There is simply no “miraculous” orientation that gives everything. Where there is light, there is also shadow. If you orient the main garden to the north, you might think about just mirroring the ground floor. However, in my opinion, the upper floor no longer works well. The children’s rooms should remain on the bright side. The staircase is rather inflexible because of the gable. I would probably also try here to get the entrance area into the bay window but lay out the ancillary rooms to the east so that the light from the south windows gets into the open-plan room. I can’t really say how I would design the floor plan spontaneously. Perhaps this is exactly the decisive point why the house belongs where it is now.