Man plans the bathroom, can this go well?

Only a solitary glass pane from about 85cm height up to 210cm height placed on the half-height wall

....I really like that. Placing glass on the outer edge of the wall, then inside you have a nice shelf space for THE one-liter bottle of shampoo (men's version) o_O. We are building new, so can decide freely and will do exactly THAT, namely half-high masonry with a pane placed on top. I had that once before and like it because after showering I don’t want to bend down to squeegee.
If I may recommend a truly fabulous squeegee to you, it’s this one: Nicol Duschabzieher Johann 2660500. Light, super handy, never squeaks!!, larger squeegee surface, simply brilliant. In the other bathroom we have one from a great bathroom brand, and I could throw it out the window every day.

Presumably, an area there would still be "frosted/foiled" depending on the view from outside into the bathroom.

...or interior blinds made of aluminum or dark wood (to match the gold), on the window, adjustable by a rotary knob, and leaving the shower glass clear, as we have it here. Not too expensive and stylish.

Next to the washbasin cabinet that would be the only storage option, but sufficient

There are also plain mirrored cabinets, as sliding versions or even with flap-up doors, if you like that.
At the sink you have a half-wall anyway, a really wide mirrored cabinet fits there too; I would in any case extend the mirror over the entire side up to the window wall. If it should be cheap, Ikea also has one in 200cm/simple aluminum frame or a continuous mirrored cabinet or gold frame.

Under the sink, for example something like the Ikea Godmorgen, also in gray, with 2 drawers, plenty of space! You could place a basin e.g. on a nice multiplex board or any lacquered MDF, metal runners made by a locksmith underneath for €50.- and for example a wide possible base cabinet. Possibly extend the half-wall a few cm inward toward the door so a wide base cabinet fits.

I find a 90 cm high tiled wall with glass pane on top actually harder to clean than continuous tiles or a glass wall.
I would therefore plan your planned 130 cm wall in 100 cm drywall with a niche (height rather from 110 cm) and then about 50 cm of glass pane next to it. That could then, if one finds that it splashes quite a lot, also be extended around the corner.

Oops.... just read it :D. Now you have a choice, I actually find it more comfortable the other way, sorry :D. Squeegeeing the upper half takes exactly 3 seconds for me, maybe 4. Yes, I would definitely put the shower head on the front end and definitely lay the riser pipe IN the wall. If not possible, your 130cm is fine. Provided the entrance is wide enough, maybe you could also let the wall go a bit around the corner, so that little splashes out; plus then the glass can stand freely on top without a metal brace.
One question would be whether the towel warmer has to be exactly in that corner or whether it could also be behind the door, to the right of the washbasin. Somehow it bothers me there by the sharp gold tub or it should be something that matches the gold color-wise. Anyway, I am wondering whether for the golden tub topic a warm earth tone (brown/beige or similar) as a floor color would fit better than gray. Hm... a warm, dark brown floor... on that a golden tub... well, luckily you have to decide that :D

I really don’t find squeegeeing the shower to be much work. And since I have a professional [Flischte] for window cleaners, it’s even better. I wouldn’t let that put me off. Otherwise, it will probably be a shower curtain. :D

I really don't find squeegeeing the shower to be much work. And since I have a professional tool for window cleaners, it goes even better. I wouldn't be deterred by that. Otherwise, it will probably be a shower curtain. :D

The squeegeeing itself (in the upper area) is not the problem, but the knees or rather laziness to move them. I currently have all-glass from bottom to top here and know that IT will be different in the new building!

It is simply the case (unfortunately) that I cannot kneel due to health limitations.

Yeah, cleaning the lower part is really annoying. You're right. But it only takes a few seconds and I can then save it as gymnastics and immediately feel much better. :D

Regarding the color, I have currently chosen light gray due to its resistance to visible lime stains (and there will definitely be some, and I will not remove them immediately); the darker it is, the more visible they are.