Floor plan city villa approx. 140 sqm - tips, suggestions?

I don't understand the orientation.
Apparently, you have an east-west orientation... therefore, one could place the entrance on the east, parallel to the street. But you are not planning that – instead, the entrance is in the south, and there are no windows on the west side at all.

I'll say this: if you have absolutely no knowledge of designs, planning, etc., then you should let a professional handle it. If you have a design plan from a professional, we can gladly continue the discussion.
Here, completely reasonable orientations are missing, there are no dimensions for the property either... is it really that difficult to sketch the dimensions of your own property on graph paper? That is a basic requirement to understand your own property or the one you're interested in. That way, fewer mistakes would happen.
I'll say: deal with your property and its orientation. Where does the sun stand at what time and how do you create privacy in the garden? Gosh: drive through residential areas and see how other neighbors have designed their boundaries.

The same applies to the living room. Every time people come to the front door, they can look into the living room. I don't want that.

That is too simple and naive thinking.

If I orient the bathroom to the north and the bedroom to the southwest, the bedroom will be directly on the street.

Have you ever thought that the design might be bad for exactly that reason?
Just the walk to the toilet... first comes the sketch of where what should be, then a drawing that is more precise. Please leave the program in the corner and concentrate on the house, not on this ugly program.

Please be patient with me - I'm doing this all for the first time.

Then you won’t reach significantly more planning maturity anytime soon, and as pictorial information about your wishes for a professional, the drawings are advanced enough. So take them to the professional – what is still "missing," you explain to him verbally.

Completely reasonable alignments are missing here,

Whereby a general contractor’s draftsman doesn’t really put much emphasis on that either, so a) the original poster is already "just as good" and b) definitely needs a "proper" architect.

b) definitely a "real" architect.

That's what I'm saying: a professional!

We also have the street to the south of the house. Entrance and garage to the east, then a few bushes and you already have light in our rooms facing south, but no one looks straight in.

Then turn the couch and think about where the TV should go afterwards.

If only the shower were in the toilet niche. This way you create a long, narrow corridor. It reminds me of the typical older guest WCs, which "ideally" had the door in the middle of the corridor and the open part with a rounded arch was somewhat separated towards the hallway. It was still tight and corridor-like and it will appear that way in your case too due to the unfavorable proportions.

The toilet on the upper floor is really a knee-slapper! You’re almost tempted to assume that professional alcoholics are the builders here who surely want to find the toilet: once you get the entrance into the hose, you can only end up at the toilet *little burst of laughter*; then it doesn’t matter which way. 45sqm and 2.75m clear ceiling height... pretty please, who wants that. No, you really have hardly any feeling and skill there, which is why my advice is: let a professional handle it or delve much, MUCH deeper into the matter.

I would sketch something, but I don’t have a definite plot of land for it...