Oh yes, regarding your specific questions:
[*]Feasibility: The basement floor slab will remain un-insulated. -> Does the KfW 55 energy saving concept collapse because of that?
It depends heavily on the energy consultant, you have to find one anyway, also for the 430 individual measures. It probably won’t be worth it, as the general trend shows here. First see if you can achieve KFW-115. The rest is a bonus.
[*]Have we overlooked a big cost risk?
Definitely (painting work, stairs). Many things only become visible once you’re inside. We found damp walls due to a leaking balcony. That could be dealt with well through external insulation, but a balcony is poison for the KfW energy house, as it is connected to the floor slab. So again expensive insulation, tearing down the balcony or no KfW efficiency house.
Maybe you also want extras like a fireplace?
The most important thing missing from your schedule is a buffer. That should be €30,000 or more. It’s enough if due to lack of time you have to subcontract the electrical work plus a bit more and the buffer is gone.
[*]Is 12 months (provision interest) sufficient time? Although I am reasonably skilled in handiwork, unfortunately, I no longer have the necessary time.
If you have no time, then you have to seriously question all items involving your own work. With children and increasing distance between current residence, work, and renovation site, it’s so individual that anything between a few months and two years of construction time is possible. Besides time, physical fitness, friends, family, advisors, etc., also vary greatly. I do my own work almost exclusively alone (even without my wife), so I will need a little over one year. Currently, I am rather relaxed, as the building permit will still take some time.
Anyway, don’t be discouraged here; such a renovation can be a great project. However, I would strongly recommend leaving gimmicks like photovoltaics completely out, unless you really still have money left over from the buffer. You will only know that once you are in the middle of it.