Consultation for photovoltaic systems

If storage, then please so that I am largely self-sufficient even in winter - otherwise I haven't achieved anything.

Ah yes, you can buy that. Quick calculation: Such a heat pump needs about two kW when it's cold. Times 16 hours of darkness = 32 kWh. To fill that reasonably in winter, you need about 100 - 150 kWp modules on the roof. You can do that. If, in addition to the house, you also have a very large shed. If not, you can't do it.

The problem is mostly that you simply cannot empty the storage from April to October overnight.

That can be solved. In winter I heat water during the day, in summer at night.

but in summer they are already reloaded by half past seven in the morning.

It would be smarter not to charge the storage in the morning, but at noon. That way you can nicely counteract the 70% rule and use free electricity that otherwise would never have been produced.

You just don't get the cycles needed to become somewhat profitable.

This is not a sprint. Then the battery simply lasts longer. Or the battery is too big / the photovoltaic system too small. Although in your calculations you always assume that the battery has to be thrown away after x cycles. As a rule, only the storable capacity has decreased. Besides, many manufacturers today offer a 10-year warranty on the battery and you want to scrap it after 10 years...

These warranties must be read very carefully. Just recently noticed with one of the big ones: Warranty only for material. Time and travel are charged separately. Then there are people who have already used the "warranty service" three times after two years, each time costing 500 euros. The same manufacturer excludes the warranty if the electrical system is not "regularly" checked or if there are power outages. A very practical rule like that. So read carefully!

Ah, Edit: For the economic calculations, one should always calculate Photovoltaic and Photovoltaic+Storage separately. Because photovoltaic usually pays off the otherwise unprofitable storage. That is nice. But otherwise, you would have just had the money in cash... And please also factor in the 20% storage losses with the feed-in tariff and add them on. (Yes, it is 20%. For everyone who recalculates.)

Ah, you can buy that. Quick calculation: Such a heat pump needs about two kW when it's cold. Times 16 hours of darkness = 32 kWh.

I don’t have 350 sqm. :cool:
12 kWh are enough…

To roughly fill them in winter, you need about 100 - 150 kWp of modules on the roof. You can do it. If you have a very large shed in addition to the house. If not, you can't do it.

Space is (initially) secondary, it is primarily about the costs.

They don't matter for photovoltaics (currently), since you get more than the full amount back through the Renewable Energy Act.

I don't have 350 sqm. :cool:
12 kWh are enough...

Actually, I used values from an old building. In a new building, it can easily be a quarter of what the heat pump uses. Still, with photovoltaics, bigger is always better and - sorry, no offense - 12 kWp is rather small. It only has to rain, and there's barely a kW available. What do you want to run with that?