The question is only whether one can freely decide on the room dimensions in a new building here or if one has to conform to some DIN standard.
There is no DIN specifying how big a room should be; there are guidelines for distances. For example, 60 cm in front of a toilet, 25/30 cm next to one, 20 cm next to washbasins.
we do not want to keep non-living rooms small and rather give the gained space to the living rooms.
The relation is missing! I agree with you if you reduce a 3 sqm toilet to make a rather small living-dining room (or whatever) more furniture-friendly. But if, for example, 50 sqm are available for the living area anyway, then you can also take away a sqm from it to make a 2 sqm small toilet more comfortable.
Therefore, no measurements can be specified across the board now.
Conclusion: 1 meter width and 2 meters length are more than enough.
90 x 130 cm is enough, too.
But these are finished construction dimensions. In a drawing, it is about raw construction dimensions.
Then there is also the difference whether a slim young man is standing peeing and does not need any room width next to the toilet or an overweight mother-in-law comes to visit very often and then simply needs a bit more space beside her to maintain hygiene.
Some people are fine with a small hand washbasin; others cannot manage with that at all.
Do you wish for many children washing hands together, or are you only two yourselves and mostly alone on the toilet?
Is one not allowed to plan a 1-meter-wide guest WC in a new building?
Yes, see above.
In our case, the door would be on the short wall, the toilet opposite the door, and the washbasin on the long wall.
It would be better to have the door on the wider side.
As you can see: the room size issue is very complex; already a slight omission is enough so that one is reluctant to use the 2 meters. I would always plan something like this as a whole, one floor as part of a house.
If you discuss your entire design here, you will have added value ;)