I would omit the fireplace. [...] The future development regarding limits for fine dust would be too uncertain for me.
We see the development similarly, but interestingly come to the opposite conclusion: Before new fireplaces are banned due to fine dust limits, we will still build ours now, hoping that existing fireplaces will be allowed to be fired a little longer. Possibly a naive thought...
Place the balcony in front of the facade. That provides better thermal separation. It could be retrofitted later. For the long dormer, one could also consider an asymmetrical gable roof. The roof ridge might then perhaps be overdue.
We included the balcony also for that reason, to achieve sufficient depth (cantilevered, without supports). An asymmetrical gable roof is an interesting option; we need to have it shown to us once in sections/elevations. Visually it might be too "modern" for us, but through the one-sided dormer, we already basically have an asymmetrical roof.
I would still keep the construction method open.
What we can imagine is a kind of hybrid construction method:
[*]Exterior walls: aerated concrete, monolithic [*]Ground floor interior walls: sand-lime brick [*]Ground floor ceiling: concrete [*]Upper floor interior walls: timber frame (flexibility for remodeling) [*]Upper floor ceiling: wooden beams
However, we will need to consult again here (especially with a structural engineer & energy consultant).
Remove the divisibility into a two-family house from the wishlist, that relaxes things in the right place.
The higher KfW subsidy for the two-family house has maneuvered us in this direction in terms of planning. I basically find it sensible to already think ahead for "tomorrow," even if everything can and will turn out differently (but that somehow applies to every planning, even those with a shorter time horizon).