I have read it from the beginning, the confusion was caused by you yourself just now. Please always answer questions fully and preferably answer foreseeable questions (e.g., what exactly does the price guarantee state?) right away in the opening post. This means you have your price fixed for 12 months and after that, the current catalog price applies?
If you really want to continue building, you can forget about legal steps and put yourself at the mercy of the builder. However, there is absolutely no reason for him to accommodate you now. Especially since you yourself say that the permit will be available at the earliest in half a year. Until then, he cannot preorder or schedule anything, so it is not plannable accordingly. If then various other shortages impact the price, then that's just how it is. In that case, I would actually prepare for a 25% price increase and create room for appropriate additional financing. However, that is also not calculable for you due to the current interest rate situation. And don’t forget that you will soon also have to pay the commitment interest in addition to the current rent. In the old contract that is hopefully only 1.8%, but with the usual sums you quickly get upwards of €500 per month.