Because you dirty the pipe. The extractor hood is intended for cooking – as a recirculation system with an activated carbon filter, by the way, also for odor reduction. What remains of the odors is sucked away by the controlled residential ventilation anyway, no matter where the valve is located. It just takes a bit longer.
Kitchen ventilation is a topic of its own. Controlled residential ventilation is not suitable for this, neither in terms of volume flows nor materials.
Much more important than the positioning of the valve in the kitchen is the use of filters in the exhaust air valves. My ventilation installer didn’t want to put anything in there, but I told him otherwise. At least partly, horror stories about moldy pipes often result from this.
€: For comparison: My extractor hood has a free-blowing fan capacity of 630 m³/h. Our controlled residential ventilation supplies/extracts about 200 m³/h. But this is distributed to all valves. We are therefore talking about a difference in volume flow of a factor of 10-15 when comparing the exhaust valve in the kitchen to the extractor hood.