Is emergency opening for blinds on the upper floor absolutely necessary?

There must be a second escape route - this does not imply that the second escape route only needs to be present in a simple design. The approval officer must only be able to recognize at least one possible second escape route as suitable. This is often easier to identify if it is marked on the plans - for example, with visually identical double-winged windows, where one must look very closely to see that one has a casement instead of a mullion. Multiple openings may gladly be suitable for second escape routes. It is then not mandatory, but sensible, to mark and "choose" one of them in order to possibly do without an emergency crank opening for the others. Unlike an escape route, a rescue route does not have to be signposted, and the latter only in public buildings. Rescue here does not mean self-rescue of a layperson by fleeing, but their live recovery by a trained rescuer (e.g. due to weakening from smoke gas intoxication). Because this is the classical indication for a need for rescue, suitability for crawling through with a donned breathing apparatus is also so important. The rescue route is used in such a way that first the rescuer fully equipped enters, then hands the person to be rescued outside, and then exits again themselves. With a second escape route, this entire procedure must be possible via this route, as the name implies a replacement escape route. Preferably, the invasion of rescuers takes place on the ground floor through the door and stairwell. Only when flames or smoke block this path is the second escape route used as such. As an escape route, one prefers walking routes to jumping routes. Incidentally, in an emergency, the route saves human lives - not just the building permit. The name "second escape route" was chosen for brevity's sake because "escape and rescue route of second priority" would be more cumbersome than a fully loaded firefighter. Anyone who wants to take the chance of being rescued in doubt even by a bulky firefighter may gladly grant this crawl-through an additional one hundred and twenty-first, one hundred and twenty-second, or even more centimeters.

If the turntable ladder cannot reach somewhere, should a second staircase/external ladder or similar be provided accordingly? In a kindergarten, I once saw a slide as a second escape route.

That's exactly how it is