I think that the "Schalsteine" will later have the clinker bricks built on them. The interior wall stands on the floor slab - with mineral wool in between. The cleanliness layer is replaced by the perimeter insulation under the floor slab. As far as I know, this is fine.
So far, okay.
Nevertheless, I would hire a building surveyor for concrete work. The visible reinforcement is not nice. Whether it was properly compacted should also be checked.