I also don't think the whole thing is really well thought out yet. There are still too many ifs for me. I myself also don't see how a duplex can be reasonably accommodated on 566m2. Your idea of the two-family house is also not quite thought through yet. You probably wouldn't have a closed, fully insulated building envelope. That would be very unfortunate energetically. In addition, all financial matters would have to be settled beforehand, since the shell construction, roof, insulation, windows, etc. would have to be built directly. Either you present that to your cousin upfront or he would have to invest money immediately.
Personally, I would also consider whether a small single-family house without a basement might be the better option for you alone. I think the house might even be almost cost-neutral, so financially it might fit.
On the other hand, I would also reconsider whether it actually makes sense to build as a single person. Of course, you can do that, but you are planning the house now for yourself, or for you and your mom. Whether that then fits for you and your family, you don't even know. In addition, your income is not high enough for you to simply pay it off on the side. With a loan amount of 280,000€, you will probably be paying around 1500€ per month including incidental costs. Can you manage with 1000€ for the rest including car, insurance, etc.?