And does the eave height always apply, regardless of whether you build one or two stories?
Yes, unless the development plan explicitly sets something different, which it does not in your case.
In a neighboring development area
... it is not worth looking for comparisons, as a different development plan applies there.
So if the 3.50 m eave height were fixed
Yes, it is. But I didn’t know that there are plots with slopes in Lower Saxony . A creative architect or some active members here in the forum could maybe conjure up something townhouse-like with a basement for you. However, for that you need a site plan of the plot with precisely measured plot boundaries, building boundaries and above all heights, including planned street heights.
I agree with that about the roof shape
Me too.
but I’m not sure
Me neither. Ask the municipality how they see it.
if it even fits together geometrically
It doesn’t have to. These are all maximum specifications.
Because how am I supposed to get to 8.50 m ridge height with 3.50 m eave height and max. 35° roof pitch
With a shed roof the height is easily achieved.