First of all, many thanks for the many responses and the discussion. (Unfortunately, I have not received any notification emails from the forum and did not expect so much feedback and only saw it now).
To answer a few questions:
- I have now received the heat load calculation, but I am a bit skeptical. It is a simplified calculation according to "DIN EN 12831 Beiblatt 2 2012-05," which results in 0.06 kW/sqm and 18.28 kW heating load (which, according to my probably too simply thought-out number juggling, should be a calculation for 18.28/0.06 = 304 sqm?). I currently cannot fully understand it but have to sit down and ask the energy consultant about it tomorrow, just a bit late now.
- Regarding the "sustainability question": Yes, it is a large house and planned for two families (so not "families" directly, as it is one family but currently two generations, with a third one coming). Even for that, it is still quite large, that's true. Nevertheless, that does not mean all other sustainability considerations are thrown overboard because of that.
- About the question with "drilling over 400 meters": I naturally meant the total length in meters - e.g., 5 drillings of 80 meters each are planned.
- I have now also learned in a conversation with the heating technology company why the cost difference between air heat pumps and geothermal energy is so high: It is because this really high number of drilling meters must be reached, as in Berlin the benchmark for extraction performance from the ground in the area where we are building is 35W/drilling meter. This is specified as a guideline by the state and must not be (significantly) exceeded. In Brandenburg, for example, this is not the case, and a higher extraction performance can be planned so that there only 3 drills would have to be done instead of 5, which would of course reduce costs.
- However, if the heating system is oversized, then perhaps in Berlin one drilling less could be sufficient, which should reduce the absolute price difference.
That's it for now. Thanks again for your responses!