Terraced house on a 240 sqm plot - fundamental questions / feasible?

Yes. If everyone builds on the left boundary and the houses are connected with an intermediate building, then the last neighbor on the left no longer builds on the boundary to the next (left) property but connects with his intermediate building to the right and represents the end of the chain. It is then the last property that has to accept the "restriction" that someone builds a house on its boundary.
Hope it's not explained too complicated

However, a terraced housing estate can also be easily built as a closed ring or "block construction" so that exclusively gardens are located in the interior. Then there are no "end houses."

can be built without problems as a self-contained ring or "block construction" so that only the gardens are inside

If the development plan provides for that, yes. I didn’t read it that way here, since the closure is made by a single-family house. My point was that the (last) single-family house plot very much belongs to the chain because it has a prescribed restriction on one side. It is not common for a single-family house plot to tolerate a boundary construction of more than 30m2 wall area (BW). For us, 3-4 houses in a row are common.

Could you possibly inform me how your exterior wall construction is designed? Were any special measures taken against noise (especially at the boundary construction of the main building) since the neighbor's yard is directly adjacent?

The question is of course also directed at everyone: Do you think special acoustic measures are necessary for a masonry bond or are these common?

Planned are 24 cm KS blocks with 12 cm insulation on the wall at the boundary with the neighbor. Alternatively, Ytong 36 cm blocks might also be possible, since only the neighbor's driveway and garage are located at the boundary wall? The neighbor's house is 6 meters away. This way, there would be no change of block type in the exterior wall...

Hello , so with us it was/is the case that due to the proximity to a road we had to install corresponding soundproof windows on one side anyway. I think we have sound insulation class 3 there, although that has nothing to do with the topic of the chain house.

From the neighbor we hear absolutely nothing on the side where no soundproof windows or special wall constructions are installed. I don't think special precautions are necessary there. Our distance to the neighbor's house is even only 4m.

What was somewhat "special" (and caused us some extra costs afterwards) is that the boundary wall to the neighbor's property had to be constructed as a so-called fire protection wall. We have a wall construction with 14cm concrete (Liapor) + 17cm ETICS. This means that the ETICS had to consist of non-combustible mineral wool on the boundary side and also extend a few centimeters "around the corner." Also, the rafters were not allowed to extend to the outer edge of the boundary wall on the roof.

That means, due to the concrete wall you probably have better sound insulation than if 36 cm Ytong were used.

Which fire protection class (30, 60, 90, 120...) does (y)our fire protection wall in the row house have?