We have firmly decided on an air-to-water heat pump.
OK, then that’s how it is. The main thing is that you have considered everything. Nevertheless, I stick to my advice to definitely listen to the chosen device live under load. When are you building? I plan my construction from 03/2020. The new Weishaupt Biblock is supposed to be very good. Google it. Unfortunately, it is probably rather one of your devices, but quite solid and really quiet.
because in my opinion the gas and ST system is not as good as heat pump with photovoltaics
Unfortunately, that’s true. Solar thermal is not very useful either, heat pump plus photovoltaics makes technical sense at least. But the combination sadly promises more than it delivers in practice. Keep in mind that you can also combine gas with photovoltaics.
Here is the calculation. So it’s no use for the heating? Is the heating load calculation then done by the heat pump provider?
The room-specific heating load calculation is generally done by the heating engineer (or commissioned) or the energy consultant who managed the thermal protection certificate. But often in practice, the heating engineer only estimates the heating load and builds “as we always do.” You should ask if the room-specific heating load calculation is included in your complete offers and is properly documented. The final result of the thermal protection certificate is of no use in terms of the room-specific heating load. These are two different values, sort of like answering “How much does your car consume?” with “100 hp.” OK, joke aside, the room-specific heating load is about the required power (in watts) to keep a room at the desired temperature even when the design case occurs, depending on the region, for example, -10 °C outside temperature. This happens only rarely, but it must be guaranteed. On the other hand, your energy certificate concerns the sum of the energy demand (in kWh) over the year, including sunny, mild to cold days. Logically, you cannot simply divide by days, because there must still be enough heating power on the coldest day. Power: Watt > Heating load calculation on the coldest day Energy: Joule or kWh (= power times time) > Energy certificate