I would like to summarize some points of our discussion.
Research question:
How important is the hygienic condition of the exhaust air duct for supply air quality. It is usually assumed that a negative pressure is generated in the exhaust air duct and no air comes from the duct into the house. However, the discussion considers other aspects that are not so obvious.
The following reasons for influencing the supply air quality were discussed:
- Leakage in the system construction.
- Leakage in the heat exchanger.
- Suction of exhaust air into the supply air duct.
Leakage in the system construction:
Must be checked during maintenance. Can be caused by poorly fitted sealing elements (at least in my system).
Leakage in the heat exchanger
Modern manufacturing processes make it possible to avoid leaks in the heat exchanger. During maintenance, special care must be taken not to damage the sensitive fin structure.
Suction of exhaust air into the supply air duct:
Here we agreed that the exhaust air can be sucked into the supply air duct.
Regarding your problem with the suction of the chimney air etc. That is normal.
Conclusion.
To guarantee the hygienic condition of the supply air, the exhaust air duct must also be clean.