I still have my doubts. The connection is brittle (in the sense of "not tough"), and especially at the base it can therefore break relatively easily if there is an impact load against the railing.
That is basically completely correct. It therefore depends on whether it was glued neatly and how the staircase is constructed. With a landing staircase, there is an interlocking and the transverse forces are better absorbed. With a straight staircase, I would see it as more critical.
Such a construction would probably not satisfy structural analysis. In practice, after plastering, I see no problems as long as a 100kg sled ball does not crash into it with full force.