Is it correct that I have a special right of termination after the fixed interest period expires?
No, at the end of a fixed interest period you always have a regular right of termination. You have a special right of termination with longer fixed interest periods. Namely, 10 years after full disbursement with a notice period of six months.
Thus, at best after 10.5 years. In practice, due to the successive disbursement of the loan according to construction progress, however, (considerably) later. If the loan, for example, is fully disbursed only nine months after the contract signing, you can terminate after 10 years and nine months with a notice period of then six months.
This is stated in §489 of the Building Code.