You can either insulate the ground floor floor or the cellar ceiling. Put in a proper cellar door, done. We don’t notice anything from our damp cellar (that’s what it’s actually called) in terms of room climate. It’s not musty or damp, just colder. If the cellar is fine in the current wet-cold weather situation, then it will also be fine in the future and the problem, whatever it was, has been fixed. If a cellar is so wet that a musty smell develops and it spreads into the living spaces, yes, then you would have a problem. But this problem does not exist with you.
I have a civil engineer in the family who specializes in old buildings, he told me that depending on own effort, one generally says roughly 700-1200€/m2 for a renovation. In your case that would be at the upper end 198,000€, of course prices can be pushed even higher. If you can’t afford the purchase price plus renovation, then you certainly can’t afford purchase price + demolition + new build. Again my questions: How old are the electrical system, bathrooms, exterior plaster, interior plaster, roof, water pipes, heating, etc.? From the pictures I don’t even think a full renovation is necessary on the house. Of course this is a remote diagnosis and it’s always a question of what you want. But besides the “What do I want?” you also have to honestly answer yourself “What can I afford?”. If you already get nervous over a few beam changes, then this is too big a project for you, especially your plans for new construction with rental.
Ask yourselves the following questions: What is an overall budget that we can truly repay? What really has to be done and what can wait? Which investment is really worthwhile in the end?
So far we have spent about 500€/m2 for the partial renovation. We have done 2 WCs, 1 bathroom, most of the windows, floors, interior doors, attic conversion, partially replastered and repaired walls, lowered ceilings, new radiators, new electrical, new sanitary rough-in on 100m2. Heating, roof, facade still ok. Tiling, electrical and rough installation were done by companies, the rest by ourselves and what is still missing we do gradually and as fits. Otherwise we couldn’t have afforded a house.