Distance between kitchen unit and kitchen island

OK, then like this: When planning, the short distance doesn't matter anymore. If there is always only one person in the kitchen, then you can plan for less than 1.20 meters, but it is not ergonomically sensible for work. If you have to expect more than one person in the kitchen, then anything under 1.20 meters is torture. But you can read that in any kitchen planning guide, so I don't quite understand what you are getting at with the question?

The distance of 1.2m is, in my view, a minimum for this form and kitchen layout.

I see the problem, like my predecessors, more in the shape and arrangement of the kitchen than in the distance between the two kitchen rows.

Have you ever thought about a U-shape with access along the window?

From my point of view, you can easily keep a distance of 1.10m. Often, 1.20m is planned because it is also the depth of the island. However, this can be changed to 1.10m without any problems - just like the distance between the rows. If you go significantly over 1.20m as suggested, it will eventually become uncomfortable/ergonomic issues may arise because you have to take an extra step to rotate between the rows (e.g., cooktop and oven). Basically, I would also reconsider the kitchen planning as a whole and register in the appropriate forum for it.

From my point of view, you can easily keep a distance of 1.10m. Often 1.20m is planned because that is also the depth of the island. However, this can also be changed to 1.10m without any problems - just like the distance between the rows.
If you go well over 1.20m as suggested, it will eventually become uncomfortable / unergonomic because you have to take an extra step to rotate between the rows (e.g. cooktop and oven).
Basically, I would also reconsider the overall kitchen planning and register in the appropriate forum for that.

That would be too tricky for me, the way the oven is positioned. You can then only load it conveniently from the side and have little escape space. Putting a tray with oven vegetables or a casserole dish into the hot oven would be too tight as movement space for me. I once had a kitchen with only 1 m between the kitchen unit and the wall, and it was extremely impractical when anything was open. Be it the dishwasher, oven, or a drawer.

Attached is the photo of our original plan. Here we had a U, but this resulted in even less continuous straight workspace (see photo) and even less storage space. A U with an opening to the window would mean very long routes from the front door (see photo)

but that resulted in even less coherent straight workspace

Maybe it feels like that, but effectively you have more running meters of kitchen with a U-shape

U with opening to the window would mean very long routes from the front door

That depends on how I look at it. I can enter the front door, put the bags on the counter, and then go around the corner.

I'm not saying U with opening to the window is the solution, but it is certainly a solution with its pros and cons.

Surely you don't have many options left with just over 8 m²?