Example: For a length of 6 to 15 m, a clear dimension in the floor plan may deviate by +/- 24 mm from the target.
No, not for a "length," but for a "measuring point distance." The specified tolerance therefore applies to the distance, e.g. if you set the first measuring point at 7.32 m and the second at 22.32 m, for these 15 m in between just as for the 15 m from 3.24 to 18.24 m. The total length can also be 27.11 m.
That means you do not have to start measuring at a corner and accordingly do not have to find a new deviation from the standard table for each total length. Rather, for any section of a maximum of 15 m, the 24 mm must not be exceeded.
Only when the total length is so short that the second measuring point could no longer be found at a distance of 15 m (logically the case with 14.99 m or less total length), do you have to look for the corresponding tolerance for 1 to 5 m.
So firstly, no magic, and secondly (before the original poster asks the same again): yeah yeah, all good!