What is modern electrical wiring in a house? Practical example...

Well, an Opel Adam costs easily 20k fully equipped, though? Do you want to send me your costs via PM?

But I also don't have a basic setup or a high-end cabin with all the bells and whistles.

I'd rather say upper middle class.

With 10000, quite a bit of what is described in the opening post could be implemented. Just a basic automation.

Some lights and shadows, a few sockets. Here and there a gimmick and a weather station. Possibly some heating control. That's the beginning done and you can live a bit more comfortably without big extra costs. And since you have the basic framework, you can even expand it later.

Thank you for your assessment, I am curious to see what extra cost it means to implement the star-shaped wiring and to relocate the electrical cabinet. I would procure and commission the KNX components / programming myself.

I will also do the network and SAT wiring myself.

Depending on whether I can/may/should chase channels myself, I would of course like to install additional KNX cables, which are not necessary in the first step. How did you do this? Room center once all around? Possible switches routed but not yet installed (with or without a box underneath?)

No, center of the room etc. is too much effort.

Just drill all the boxes that are needed immediately and also those that might be planned in the future. Then simply lay the bus cable in loops one after the other. You will use more bus cable, but that doesn’t cost the earth.

So cable in the box and out again, then to the next one. If the box is needed, cut the cable in the box and install a KNX terminal. If it’s (for now) not needed, the cable remains intact without an unnecessary connection point.

Otherwise, I just “threw” extra cables to all possible corners etc., which were then clipped to the line somewhere when needed.

For example, at several points in the attic, mailbox, gate and garden door, carport, several places in the garden, tool shed etc. Gradually, some of these were connected or not.

Then simply lay the bus cable one after the other in loops.

You mean just put 10-20cm of cable in each socket as a reserve with loops one after the other?

Well, not into every box but into each junction box group one. In that sense, you then go into the room with one cable, lay it continuously in one piece from one junction box group to the next, and then either go to the next room or finish and repeat the whole thing in the other room with a new run.