Nobody talks about thermal insulation in summer; it's about summer heat protection... one component is the material inertia / energy storage capacity, where lightweight building materials like aerated concrete, for example with 80 kJ/m²K, perform significantly worse than a KS with 300 kJ/m²K. KS absorbs heat better during the day to then possibly release it at night (when it is cooler) - a kind of buffer. Another step is to reduce the heat input - through shading. Other components are cooling (passive or active).
Transmission heat loss is the heat loss caused by thermal conductivity. The dew point is the spot where dew water accumulation can be expected in a wall - there are good Youtube videos on this... it’s not that complicated.