I would bet that the "sealing" (meaning the silicone) around the tub has not been functioning for quite some time and water has happily flowed under the shower tray. Old building from 1905 and DG then means with almost absolute certainty a wooden beam ceiling and it or its cladding (floorboards, chipboard, etc.) will have rotted away. Consequence: The shower tray will sink and sooner or later end up in the floor below – with some "luck" there is a beam in that spot that might hold out a bit longer. You won't get around a structural engineer and in the interest of your health, you shouldn't even try. Remove the tile adhesive/screed under the already removed tiles, then you will see more, or open the cladding of the shower tray so you can look underneath.