Renovate wooden windows and wooden shutters please help

Whereas he is actually right about the distance

I would say so too. With a 50 m distance it looks great. :D

@TE: should I drop by the "painter" sometime?

What is the point of the comment? I merely pointed out that in the relevant regulations for assessing defects there are indeed minimum distances (in my opinion 2m for windows, although this may only refer to scratches on the glass). Just like permissible tolerances for dimensional accuracy or joint widths. There is no need to make a joke out of it. Besides, I also wrote that in my assessment it would still be poor workmanship.

The painter is from the region about 20 km away and found on the internet with his own homepage.

The offer included:
Remove/roughen loose old coating, fill damaged spots on the door on the south side, prime bare wood areas, apply 1-2 full coats, depending on condition, with Cetol Novatech next in the existing color tone according to the manufacturer's instructions.

It concerns 4 windows, 2 balcony doors, 3 shutters, 2 wooden doors, 1 garage door.

The painter made the offer and we accepted it without discussion because we assumed he knew his craft.

Today he was on site briefly again and wanted to "quickly do some touch-ups", then nervously said he would need an additional day for it, that it wouldn’t be profitable for him, and left. On his way out he said he would consider whether he would come back at all, because it would only be a visual and not a technical defect, meaning the wood is protected...?

Since I have an old wooden house door that should also be painted, I recently got a quote for it. It was around 700 euros (just for the one door). Your painter will probably have quoted more than 3, rather 3 or 4 full days for the above-mentioned work? He can't make up for that in one day in my opinion.

He was there for 1 1/2 working days, already on the first day he did not come in the morning as agreed, but only at noon and then went straight to lunch...

What is the comment supposed to mean?

With this sheer botch job, there is no need to bring up any margins for evaluating the work. Every single part should be thrown at him,