.1) How large should the cistern be at least? 2.) What costs should I expect? 3.) Is the purchase worthwhile? 4.) How is the water extracted? 5.) Can the cistern be connected to the outdoor water tap?
(Numbering by me.) I am assuming a cistern that collects surface water/rainwater.
1.) It depends (area over which water is collected, i.e. roof projection, possibly garage, all surfaces draining into the cistern. Then the rainfall amount. You can find calculators for this on the internet, often at the manufacturers. Unfortunately, links are not allowed here). 2.) Costs? Get a quote (if you find the calculator, you will also find a supplier). 3.) That depends. After sizing the cistern, you have an idea of how many m³ of water you can estimate per year. The costs for that, if you take it from the drinking water network (separate outdoor meter or not) can be obtained from your utility company. Then you do an investment calculation for the cistern, with the result that it will pay off after X years — or not. 4.) Usually by means of a submersible pump or submersible pressure pump. Hand pump is also possible. 5.) Is that sensible? The cistern only needs a fresh water supply if you plan rainwater use inside the house. If it is only for garden irrigation, the cistern does not require an additional supply. You can additionally provide an outdoor water tap (possibly with a separate meter) alongside the cistern, but you do not have to.