Further insight from the technical data sheets: An increase in bulk density allows for a significant improvement - I did not know until now that in the brick designation the bulk density is given immediately after the thickness and that bricks with different bulk densities can be purchased with the same thickness:
Poroton-Hochlochziegel-Plan-T 11.5-0.8 -> 41.6 dB
Poroton-Hochlochziegel-Plan-T 11.5-1.2 -> 45.6 dB
Poroton-Hochlochziegel-Plan-T 11.5-1.4 -> 47.5 dB
Poroton-Hochlochziegel-Plan-T 17.5-0.8 -> 46 dB
Poroton-Hochlochziegel-Plan-T 17.5-1.4 EB -> 52.3 dB [EB probably means earthquake, indicating that it is suitable for all earthquake zones.]
Poroton-Hochlochziegel-Plan-T 24.0-0.8 -> 49.6 dB
Poroton-Hochlochziegel-Plan-T 24.0-1.4 EB -> 56.1 dB
Conclusion: The value 0.6 in the bulk density class x 10 corresponds approximately to the improvement of the dB value (=6), so it is almost proportional.