The question would be whether we can just use it
Where there is no plaintiff, there is no judge. As long as no one reports you or all the neighbors do the same, nothing will happen. It is not permanently permitted, as this is not a campsite.
and above all allowed to "enclose"
Ditto. However, enclosing is easier to sanction, as it is an obvious building violation.
Would it make sense to say in a building application that we place caravans/tiny houses/garden sheds in the rear area and keep the area on the street open for a house of a normal type?
No. A caravan is not subject to building law, a tiny house must fit in, and a garden shed would be an ancillary structure that is not approvable without a main structure.
This would just come a bit later...
You cannot legally circumvent building law. If you don’t want to build properly, the only question is which approach is the least conspicuous. For example, a construction site could have a construction trailer.
Regards
Peter Lustig
P.S.: BORIS does not provide reliable conclusions about planning law