Liability insurance does not pay costs such as lawyer or court fees.
If someone makes a claim against me and I effectively assign this claim to a liability insurance policy, they do pay those costs. Because the claim is no longer my problem but theirs. If they consider it necessary to go to court, this incurs corresponding costs, which are no longer my concern.
Example: I had rented a holiday home abroad. During the rental period, damage occurred to the rented property, which in my opinion was not entirely my fault (pre-existing damage present). As a result, I was asked to fully settle the repair costs, just over €1,000. I passed the damage claim to my personal liability insurance for settlement. Based on my explanation, the insurance company offered the opposing party a 50/50 settlement, i.e., to split the damage. The opposing party wanted 100%, so the case ultimately went to court. The lawyers of the insurance company litigated, not me. I was no longer involved in the proceedings and only learned about its status through my own active inquiry—the claim had been effectively assigned. Whether the landlord’s demand was justified or not was no longer my issue, nor was contesting it in court.
That’s what I mean by passive legal protection. Liability insurers, if responsible, review claims and also defend against them if they are unjustified. All without private legal protection.
By the way, the court’s balanced decision was to split the costs 50/50. Who would have expected that?