Build a garage about 1 meter on the neighbor's property. What are the possibilities?

Hello Dirk, For legal certainty: A building encumbrance (Baulast) only has public-law effect towards the authority and legal successors, not civil-law effect between neighbors (in my opinion, that requires either a servitude or the purchase of the built-over part).

I see that differently, because the building encumbrance also takes effect on the respective owners through the "lever" of the parcel relationship. An access-building encumbrance, which is required for example for a rear-located building right-wise, regulates that the respective owner of the rear parcel is allowed within the secured area to drive, walk, and lay/use pipes, and the owner of the servient parcel must tolerate this; additionally, as far as I know, this is not secured by a servitude.

Independent of that is the financial, private-law compensation.

Best regards Dirk Grafe

I see it differently, because the building encumbrance also affects the respective owners through the "lever" of the parcel relationship.

That is also correct in terms of the actual "effect" (and in practice that may be sufficient), but the effect / authority is only public-law in nature.

Control question:
What do I do if the authority simply does not intervene in case of violations; for example, if the neighbor no longer lets me through the access road or cuts off the supply line?

Or conversely: Is the building authority allowed, by way of a regulatory order, to effectively intervene in the private-law dispute between the parties and grant the building encumbrance beneficiary a usage possibility that he could not claim under private law without more? (No, it is not allowed).

While the building encumbrance establishes a public-law obligation and basis for intervention vis-à-vis the building supervisory authority, it does not establish a corresponding private-law obligation towards the beneficiary of the building encumbrance. The latter has neither a civil law nor a public law claim to use in accordance with the granted building encumbrance. To establish a usage right of the beneficiary, a separate private-law agreement is rather necessary (consistent Federal Court of Justice case law).
The building encumbrance gives the building authority a basis for intervention in the event of a violation. According to prevailing opinion, however, it does not establish a subjective public-law right of the building encumbrance beneficiary to the intervention of the building supervisory authority to enforce the building encumbrance.

But I think we are now somewhat deviating from the topic.
:oops: