Insulation damaged due to excavation work. Is it bad?

If there is a large stone in between and the insulation is compressed, the effect is negated. It would be correct to remove the studded membrane once and check, but probably no one will agree to that.

But only at that one spot. That would be tolerable. However, if there are several spots, damp areas could occur in the basement.

Furthermore, a studded membrane layer was applied on the perimeter insulation. This was attached to the perimeter insulation at certain points. Okay like this? The consequence now is that many stones fell between the perimeter insulation and the studded membrane during the excavation work. Is that bad?

I understood it to mean that stones fell in at several places... the original poster needs to clarify whether they are only in one spot or everywhere.

I understood it as stones having fallen in at several places.. the OP needs to clarify again whether they are only lying in one spot or everywhere

Not in all places - only at several individual places. Where the excavator driver did not work neatly.

Besides, there are the direct damages to the dimple board and the insulation. That is not as bad as the stones?

Not in all places - sporadically in several places. Where the excavator operator did not work carefully. Also, there are the direct damages to the studded membrane and the insulation. That's not as bad as the stones?

The studded membrane is just a mechanical protection. If it has sporadic damages, nothing happens. With the insulation, it depends on the size. If a fist-sized stone is pressed in there, I would replace it. I would have had a word with the excavator operator. You can surely cut the last 5cm of soil with a spade and don't have to experiment with the excavator bucket.