What does a "classic" electrical installation look like?

A question that currently occupies me and I also cannot answer at the moment because I do not have an electrician yet is the following: What does a "classic" electrical installation (no KNX or similar) look like in the shell construction phase when the cables are laid in a conduit on the bare floor? Let's assume that in room X there are 6 sockets, 1 lamp + switch, and 1 switch for an electric roller shutter. Does a cable then come from the distribution cabinet into room X and is distributed there via a flush-mounted box? Or do the cables from all consumers run individually to the distribution box? So, in this example, 2 cables for the two switches and 1 cable for the 6 sockets connected in series? And is this done from room to room like this? Or are individual cables combined?

You can clearly say "depends". For a normal room, one would usually have one circuit for outlets and one for lights/shutters. However, you can also, for example, combine children's rooms or, for instance, need several outlet circuits for the kitchen.

and are then these cables brought together in a [UP-Dose] and then laid to the distribution box in the [HAR]? or are the cables laid directly to the [HAR], that is without a [UP-Dose]? e. by [UP-Dose] I mean a junction box

You don't really do that anymore, you daisy-chain the sockets.

Ok understood so far, you connect or loop through the sockets but I have one last question. If, for example, the sockets of 2 rooms are looped through and connected to one fuse and I want to switch off the fuse in room 1 because, for example, I want to repair something on the socket, then I automatically cut off the power for room 2 as well because everything is connected to one fuse?

This is what it looks like visually:



As Lumpi already wrote. Simply extend the picture by adding a number of sockets, which then hang in parallel to the one at the door.