Varnished parquet - Meister or Haro?

Does anyone have experience regarding whether lacquered is better than oiled in this case?

This question, what is "better," an oiled or sealed parquet surface, even divides the expert community. It is a matter of personal attitude.
You simply have to weigh the advantages against the disadvantages.
The big advantage of sealants is abrasion resistance. That means: a sealant is a synthetic resin film in which the wear takes place. Since a sealant is generally very wear-resistant, you will have to do the least maintenance with this surface protection.
About the oil/wax mixtures.
Nothing "lights up" the wood like an oil/wax mixture.
This means that the overall optical impression of oiled parquet surfaces sometimes takes one's breath away!
A sealant will not achieve this effect even remotely.
However, the maintenance effort is somewhat higher than with a sealed surface.
Cleaning is done damp with a "parquet milk," which is added to the cleaning solution. This also leads to a "re-oiling effect."
Another big advantage of oiled surfaces is that in case of an accident, a partial repair of the affected area can be carried out without later seeing the transition.
Example:
An inattentive guest drops a cigarette on the parquet floor.
With a sealant, the surrounding area turns brown, already because the nicotine leaves its colored trace in the also softened sealant due to the contact heat. Repairing the small area invisibly later is almost impossible. You can definitely see it against the light.
With oiled parquet, you also find the brownish burn mark.
Then you take a fine sanding cloth, sand out the discoloration, clean the surface with a slightly damp cloth of dust.
Due to the moisture, the wood fibers at the cleaned spot stand up and dry that way. You feel the roughness when repainting later.
This spot is then sanded again with a fine sanding cloth, after which the repair area is rubbed in circular motions with a slightly oil-soaked cloth.
After 2 weeks, no one will see, without knowing the burn spot, what mishap the wood surface was unintentionally exposed to.
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You simply have to know what kind of attention you want to give your parquet floor later.
And I think exactly this question triggers the answer whether you prefer a sealant or the effort of oiling/waxing.
Regards: KlaRa

For the choice between painted and unpainted completely irrelevant.

It is somewhat more resistant because the wood is still provided with a layer. But it doesn't help to avoid dings – and those look really sh***y on painted (glossy) parquet. Only oiled always looks more natural, even with dings.

I see it the same way! Oiled surfaces look "revived," while sealed parquet surfaces look (much) less so.

I have also done such partial repairs quite often on painted floors. Sanding, slightly color-matching with a repair pen, and then rubbing in a matte or satin-clear varnish several times. I prefer painted floors because the traffic paths are less visible and furniture and carpets also do not show up as quickly, since most sealants contain a UV protection.