Supporting the border wall from one's own side

Why not use strap cladding? It is also available in natural stone look.

That honestly doesn't tell me anything. I have to take a look. Does that mean the L-bricks themselves are later clad with facing bricks?

And the static calculation and frost resistance etc. ignored? Sure, you can do it, but it is wrong or only if the load is also on the visible side. And the stones protrude.

No, it is simply not wrong. These brackets are specifically designed for these cases, there is a type statics with load case calculation, nothing is ignored. Just google it if you don't believe it. Just because you don't know something yourself doesn't mean it doesn't exist.

But what are the names of these stones?

You can find them from the company I mentioned in a PDF under "Stützwinkel glatt Sichtseite innen"

I have seen what you mean, but they are not meant to support a slope, rather that when you want to catch something on your side of the property, the nice side faces you.

Here is my high-tech sketch

Honestly, that doesn't tell me anything. I have to take a look. Does that mean the L-stones themselves are subsequently brick-faced?

Of course not automatically. You basically have a wall and can let your creativity run wild with the design.
Whether you put a brick wall in front of it or stick on brick slips is up to you. I would just be careful with the joints, as the stones will certainly move against each other.