@hephta
It is important that the thermal insulation does not become damp, neither from the outside through the plaster nor from the inside through condensation water. This primarily causes two problems: the ineffectiveness of the thermal insulation and the risk of mold in the insulation.
To avoid this, from the inside:
Vorwand:
12.5mm drywall ideally layered twice in a cross arrangement as a heat storage, preferably more
Pre-wall installation layer 3-4cm as battens depending on how many layers of drywall
(this is a cavity for cables, lines, sockets, switches, ...)
Wall:
Vapor barrier glued so that it also withstands a blow test
(so that no condensation water can penetrate the thermal insulation)
e.g. OSB board according to structural calculation (horizontal forces)
Wood studs with thermal insulation
e.g. wood wool board or similar as a finishing layer
Vapor diffusion retarder
(i.e. possible moisture can escape from the insulation but no moisture can enter)
Facade:
can now also be, for example, a ventilated batten again
Fiber cement board, wooden cladding, plaster carrier board with visible plaster, ...
I have had very good experiences with this over the years,
and the builder can also easily do the interior finishing or even the facade themselves,
without affecting the warranty of the wall.
Best regards