A galvanized part can be immediately treated with any surface finish you want after delivery to the private customer. If it was electro-galvanized, it will rust outdoors. If it was hot-dip galvanized, the part is intended for outdoor use right away and will last a very long time. It only fails when the hot-dip galvanizing is damaged in certain spots (e.g., scratched). The surface is brittle and breaks, for example, when bending or similar.
If you don’t want to deal with rust, buy stainless steel. The joke is, in purchasing, stainless steel doesn’t cost (or barely costs) more than steel plus surface treatment. If I could somehow make a fence from semi-finished materials (I can’t weld, a colleague would cost money), I would definitely put up a V4A fence and be protected against direct seawater.
Metals are normally not painted with a brush and such but sprayed. In mechanical engineering, parts are usually powder-coated, because this surface treatment is very impact- and abrasion-resistant. However, it’s not exactly cheap.