- In a 300 sqm KfW-55 house (minimum standard 2024, energy efficiency class A with 40 kWh/m2/year), the additional CO2 emissions of a gas heating system compared to a heat pump amount to about 1.6 tons of CO2 per year. (Calculation: Gas: 300 m2 × 40 kWh/m2/year = 12,000 kWh/year; 12,000 kWh × 0.202 kg CO2/kWh = 2,424 kg CO2/year; Heat pump - seasonal performance factor 4.5, German electricity mix 300g CO2 per kWh: 12,000 kWh / 4.5 = 3,429 kWh/year; 3,429 kWh × 0.3 kg CO2/kWh = 1,028.7 kg CO2/year => 2,424 kg CO2/year − 1,028.7 kg CO2/year = 1,395.3 kg CO2/year)
Roughly this can be right currently.
Small errors may be that the electricity consumption of the gas heating system, pumps, etc. are not considered.
Also, that the electricity mix in Germany will improve in the future and can be significantly improved locally through own photovoltaic systems.
- The compensation of 1.6 tons of CO2 costs 40 euros at atmosfair. 2 tons cost 50 euros.
Unfortunately, these are just indulgences that do not actually remove CO2.
Real compensation can be done with Direct Air Capture (DAC).
Unfortunately, not yet on a large scale and costs currently about 1000€/t!
It should become cheaper, going down to up to 200€/t.
But even then, real compensation would still cost at least 300€/year.
- A heat pump costs around 35,000 euros in 2024, a gas heating system about 15,000 euros. (no direct subsidy for heat pumps in new buildings).
Here it really gets very strange.
A current monoblock from a German manufacturer currently costs 5,000€.
A good Korean model maybe 3,000€. That also costs a gas heating system.
And now connecting a device with gas, exhaust system, etc. is supposed to be cheaper than placing a monoblock outside, connecting water and electricity?
If you calculate with moon prices, no meaningful comparison is possible anymore.
I am quite sure that one can install a heat pump in new buildings at the same price as a gas heating system.
Let's just say that the pedestal and so on cost just as much as a gas connection to the house and you end up at about break-even.
So here is my calculation:
Price difference for acquisition: 0€
Maintenance/cleaning of gas heating: 200€/year
Chimney sweep: 50€/year
Cost of gas meter: 20€/year
Additional cost of gas compared to electricity: 12,000 kWh * (12 ct/kWh (gas) - 41 ct/kWh / 4.5 SPF (electricity)) = 346€/year
So now the gas heating is already 616€ per year more expensive.
And now another 1,400€ per year for the CO2 storage.
Thus, one is simply at over 2,000€ per year in additional costs for a gas heating system.
Ah, and photovoltaic is not even included yet, which would significantly shift both the additional costs for gas as well as the CO2 compensation. So the calculation for the heat pump can be further optimized, but here we want to stick to heating systems.