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No matter what, if I pay for 1 Gbit/s and only get just under 40 Mbit/s during peak times, then that is quite a severe oversubscription, and that was my point.

You are right. I have been out of the telecommunications world for quite a while – when I remember the amounts COLT invested in fiber optic networks around the turn of the millennium, I can understand an economic necessity. Unfortunately, the products sold are quite opaque; the statement "up to x bandwidth" is written very small and is completely unclear in meaning.

In practice, very few people are left with only 40 Mbit/s; with other last-mile technology, it can indeed drop to just a few Mbit/s, then the movie stutters, you lose in online games (which is quite bad for some), and a data transfer takes unusually long – that was my thought.

the statement "up to x bandwidth" is written very small and is completely unclear in its meaning.

It is true that this is sometimes written quite small, but by now the BNetzA has already regulated quite a few things, including the specification of which bandwidths are provided minimally/usually/maximum. The problem then is again that there is also a temporal dimension behind it, and if I have "full throttle" for 22 hours a day, it doesn't help me if during prime time I can only greet each bit individually.

It is also clear that it all has to add up financially, but when I look at how cheap the prices are in our current place of residence, which incidentally even uses the more expensive and generally more powerful AON, the achievable contribution margin, especially with PON, should still be adequate, even if not all ports are utilized to the maximum.

In practice, very few people are left stranded with 40Mbit/s

I fully agree with that, but I at least wanted to mention that fiber optic should not be equated with "exclusive line usage."