Both.
For a rough staking, usually no elevation is given or – if a signal can be received – a GPS elevation is determined. This is accurate to about 3-5 cm without a specific local reference point, which is sufficient for pushing off or excavation. Higher effort is only made if it is already suspected that it depends on the last centimeter on the building plot. However, this is extremely rare.
For fine staking (or possibly even earlier, see above), more precise heights are transmitted. There are different possibilities for this:
1. Best accuracy: transfer of the height by leveling from an official height reference point; this is only done in fine staking if it is suspected or already known that the manhole cover cadastre does not fit at all and at the same time every centimeter counts. Reasons for this can be that only a slight slope is available and/or the building heights/setback lines are fully utilized and a neighbor is already pawing or threatening with a lawyer.
2. Normally sufficient: the surveyor has the manhole cover cadastre available and checks it using GPS measurement of the manhole covers (MC) and measurement of the corresponding invert depths. This uncovers deviations of the – generally error-prone – MC cadastre or changes in the MC heights. The inverts remain the same as long as the entire sewerage is not newly installed. Both together, i.e., MC cadastre and control measurement by GPS, do not claim absolute accuracy, but the relative height difference between the invert level into which drainage is made and the height then given by leveling in the staking plan (e.g., nail on the battens, the beam height itself, or similar) is then available with high accuracy.
Case 2, to put it bluntly, only ensures that the water flows in the right direction. If, for example, there are problems with the single-family house and/or ridge height and/or terrain height/setback lines with removed or added terrain, then this only helps to a limited extent in the end.
I hope I have not overwhelmed you with the answer; if you have further questions, it makes little sense to ask them in the forum. Then feel free to contact me via private message or call the office, contact details are in the profile.
Best regards Dirk Grafe