Power supply from the provider to the house - how does it work?

Hello everyone,

I am trying lately to understand the house I live in - more precisely to understand the electricity (wiring/flow etc.).

In this regard, I bought 2 books (Electrical installations in the house and ABC of electrical installations).

Now I don’t quite understand 3 points.

1. Electricity flow works as follows:
voltage builds up in the blue cable, as soon as the blue touches the black, the non-fixed protons move in the direction of the power consumer...

Question:

Uhm, so that means the non-fixed protons are basically consumed, right?
But shouldn’t the cable eventually no longer have protons that can move?

Picture for the question:



2. I don’t quite understand how the power supply from the utility provider to the internal wiring in the house works.

Now the blue line (L) is laid into the house by the power supplier, where the thick cable meets smaller cable connections in the house (electric box handover).

Shouldn’t the huge current transferred from the thick (L) to the thin (L) overload and cause the wiring to fuse?

Picture for the question:



3. What happens if you use too thick a cable for a normal 230V line?
Power loss or no power at all?
More safety?

Thanks for your efforts and best regards.

I only know that when bending cables around corners, you have to be careful that the protons don't fly out due to centrifugal force and no current comes out at the end of a cable anymore.

It is especially important to consider how many power consumers you have per phase or how much power they will/can draw together at maximum.

Cable diameter and cable length are decided based on this. For example, every power strip from the hardware store also states the maximum power that can be drawn before the thing starts to smolder or the fuse blows.

I am not an electrician, but I think that when it comes to bus or star topology alongside the issue of the distribution box and the included fuses and circuit breakers, these play a significant role.

The blue cable is the neutral conductor as N and not L

to 1: no, nothing can be "used up" the protons only slow down slightly due to consumption and as a result the current decreases
to 2: as long as the circuit is not closed you can connect as many thinner cables to the thick one as you want nothing will happen...but if you then plug a 20A consumer into a conductor designed for e.g. 16A this line will heat up...because more power is needed than the line can supply and this causes heat generation...if this increases extremely, it can also lead to insulation fire and melting of the copper.
to 3. yes nothing happens, except your wallet shrinks...because a thicker cable is usually more expensive than a thin one...and an ignorant person can then mistakenly think the cable is one that carries more power...and then plug a stronger consumer into it...this could then lead to the destruction of the fuse...therefore never connect thicker cables to thinner ones but always the other way around.

Oops, right I actually meant the other way around, black instead of blue each time. Good, I understand, I would just be interested in why the protons don't run out? They all flow, so shouldn't they eventually run out as well? Thanks for the efforts

My last physics lesson was more than 10 years ago, but I hope that in my electrical wires no protons move too much, but only the electrons.

And thanks to alternating current, fortunately, they don’t get that far either. And nothing is consumed here at all. Both electrons and protons stay where they are.

hm... well, you can see that I confuse quite a bit there (Elektronen/Protonen). I thought the electrons move so that current consumption can even occur in the direction of the flow?

o_O