Controlled residential ventilation planning: position of components; length of ducts

How do you do the basement wall penetration? 20 cm sleeve pipe for the 160 foam pipe? and how to seal it on the outside?

160 pipe through a DN200 ring space seal (Doyma or similar). Yes, it's expensive but you need it.

Small layman’s tip: We have the ventilation slots in the floor on the upper floor (except in the bathroom), and if you can manage it somehow, I think it’s more comfortable in the ceiling. We had put a thousand thoughts into the placement and now they annoy us when arranging the furniture. :)

I cannot say that. I would always prefer the floor valves over all other variants.

I also don’t quite understand why "Cooking" is vacuumed twice. Why not assign one exhaust vent twice?

I thought that with 2 exhaust vents in the cooking area and 2 supply vents in the open living area I could optimize the air flows: otherwise, for example, a kitchen island or another piece of furniture could be in the way and obstruct the air circulation. Is it nonsense and should I only use one vent with 2 pipes?

For sealing the basement penetrations to the outside, there are Hauff or Doyma ring space seals. The former can be obtained quite cheaply at Heim Baustoffe or something similar. The pipes from the basement penetration to the ventilation unit are insulated pipes and flexible silencers. From the ventilation unit to the distributor you usually have spiral seam pipes and silencers. But you are flexible as to what you ultimately use.

These foam pipes with an inner diameter of 160 mm have an outer diameter of 190 mm.
That means I would need 2 of the following ring space seals:
Standard ring space seal with stepless super segment ring technology.
HSD250 SSG 1x159-211 b40 A2/EPDM55
Sealing width up to Ø 250 mm: 40 mm
FEATURES
Liner pipe/core bore Øi (mm): 250


Additionally 2 liner pipes.
In my basement, the basement wall elements are prefabricated and then erected on site and filled with concrete.
Which liner pipes are best suited here?
Cement composite pipe with special coating?

ZVR250/240 FC Article no.: 1200250240
FEATURES
Liner pipe Øi (mm): 250
Optimal application range for media pipe Øa (mm): 160 - 210
Max. possible application range for media pipe Øa (mm): 0 - 214
Liner pipe Øa (mm): 269
Wall thickness (mm): 240


Are my considerations correct?

Yes, that's correct. However, you can also simply use DN160 spiral seam pipes to save some space and install smaller seals.